ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Determines hardware addresses from IP Addresses.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Leases IP addresses to client computers.

DNS (Domain Name Service)

Translates hosts name into IP Addresses

DOD (Department of Defense Model)

Uses to describe the layers in the TCP/IP Model.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Port 21

A protocol used to transfer files.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

A protocol used to share information between computers.

InterNIC

Registers Domain Names

IP (Internet Protocol)

Transfer the TCP/UDP Packets across the Internet

OSI (Open Systems Interconnect model)

One of the most popular communication models with 7 layers total.

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

Used to obtain a IP address when it already has the hardware address.

RFCs (Request for Comments)

A proposal presented by an individual or company to the Internet community to debate.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Port 25

Protocol used to send mail over the Internet

TCP (Transport Communication Protocol)

A connection-oriented protocol that ensures packet deliver.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

Similar to FTP and is far less secure.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Similar to TCP Faster and more errors

WAIS (Wide Area Information Server)

A server that maintains an index of documents on hundreds of servers.

User A sets up a RAS Server for his network. He wants machines that connect to his machine to be able to browse the Internet. How should he setup the default gateway on the 95 machines?

The default gateway on the 95 clients must be the same as the IP address of the RAS Server.

Cannot connect to another computer on the same subnet. He can successfully ping 127.0.0.1?

His SUBNET Mask is setup wrong.

SubnetA/SubnetB/SubnetC. Wants to browse ever other subnet?

Create a LMHOST file on the Windows based computers.

Anonymous or User/Pass, more Secure?

Anonymous because using FTP your sending the information in plain text, so a hacker could easily grab you user/pass, where anonymous there is nothing to grab.

Provide a higher level of security for SNMP.

Use the only l except from certain clients.

Want to route TCP/IP Packets?

You will need to enable IP Forwarding and assign separate IP address to each Network Card.

Want to have the routing tables automatically update?

You will need to install RIP for IP.

Need the server to trap messages across the UNIX computers?

Setup SNMP and setup SNMP to forward trap messages to the UNIX server.

* Server must route TCP/IP Packets –

Server must also dynamically update routing tables.

Server must assign IP addresses to clients

Server must send trap messages across the network to a UNIX server.

Enable IP forwarding and assign separate IP address to each NIC.

Install RIP for IP

Install DHCP and create scopes for every subnet.

Install SNMP and configure them to forward messages to the UNIX computers.

Each DHCP server must as a backup server when one crashes or is taken down for maintenance.

DHCP server should assign the same unique IP address to each DHCP server when it’s started.

DHCP server should assign IP addresses for all the DNS, WINS and DHCP servers.

User wants to view TCP/IP Stats using Performance Monitor?

Make sure you install the SNMP Server in the Network Panel.

You want to prevent unauthorized SNMP management consoles using SNMP?

Enable "only except packets from these hosts". This will require that you enter the IP addresses of the trusted hosts.

What is must be supplied if you want to send snmp trap messages to another computer running snmp?

SNMP stations community and stations ip address.

Primary Server

Secondary Server

Contains a read-only copy of the primary server

Cache Only Server

Caching Server does not maintain any static DNS records. All it’s records are created by resolving DNS queries to a Primary oro Secondary DNS Server. This adds redundance to DNS name space.

Cache.dns

Is used to connect to the root DNS Server to the Internet.

User is able to browse a remote subnet using the Windows Explorer. But, cannot FTP www.microsoft.com?

The windows NT Workstation is not setup using DNS.

Unable to connect to a server http://sales.sspcorp.com?

The DNS Server has no entry for the name. Or the 95 computer was provided a incorrect address for the DNS Server.

Reverse lookup file

Inverse queries return host names when you provide an IP address in a query.

Boot file

Startup information for configuring a DNS server.

Record types to add.

A <address> used to specify the add of a host file.

NS <name server> specify the name server name.

SOA <start of authority> defines the authoritative name server fot the zone.

Enabling WINS lookup?

2 ways this is possible.

- nslookup for troubleshooting DNS.

Interactive use this mode when you need to lookup information about various hosts or domains or print a list of hosts in a domain.

Non-interactive use this mode when you need to lookup requested information on a single host or domain.

MX

Used for a mail servers

CNAME

Used in the preface of a domain name <www, ftp, or news.

Configuring a DHCP-enable client for WINS

044 WINS/Netbios Name Service Servers

046 WINS/NetBT Node Type

WINS Proxy -

Intercepts the name-query broadcast messages that it hears on the local subnet.

Push Partners

Push partners force their updates to the pull partners.

Pull Partners

Pull partners receive updated entries from the push partners by requesting entries that have higher version numbers than those entries already existing in the database.

Backing up the WINS Database.

You can manually set this entry in the Wins Manager or Resister.

Restoring the WINS Database

You can use the Wins Manager

You can move the database files manually

Compacting the database /Jetpack Utility

This will speed up the transactions and also decrease the size of the database.

Using the JETPACK utility to compact the database.

jetpack <database name> <temp database name>

You must stop the WINS service before backing up the database.

Net stop wins

You want to make sure that each client uses the WINS server as it’s primary name resolution?

Make sure that you add the WINS IP address to the network option in TCP/IP – WINS.

What services are started with WINS?

Messenger and Workstation.

Microsoft recommends that you have 1 WINS Server per 10,000 clients?

This is true though you want to have at least 1 backup server for this many clients.

Which 2 of the following NT services will register names with WINS when they initialize?

Server and Messenger.

You want to have 2 servers replicate their databases to each other?

Set them up to be push – pull partners. This will cause a lot of traffic over a WAN link so try to avoid this.

If wish to add a entry to the WINS database that has 3 Network cards installed.

You would add the multihomed into the WINS database to make this work.

# PRE

Preloads an entry into the name cache

# DOM

Specifies a remote domain controller for logon requests.

#INCLUSE

Parses an LMHOSTS file from another computer

#BEGIN_ALTERNATE

Specifies the beginning of a group of entries to be searched.

#END_ALTERNATE

Specifies the end of a group of entries to be searched.

Network is divided into 6 subnets, what should you include in each LMHOST file?

1 entry for the PDC in the remote domain and 1 entry for each domain controller locally.

If you have a large number of entries in a LMHOST file what would you do to speed up the processing of these?

Move all the #PRE and #DOM entries to the bottom of the LMHOST file.

What is required to load the #INCLUDE statement into cache?

#PRE tag before the include statement and specify the UNC of the sever.

Computer does not use LMHOSTS, she can connect to other computer in other subnets and can ping 127.0.0.1 But she cannot connect by name?

WINS is not enabled on the Windows 95 computer.

Mail server identified?

MX

Canonical name?

CNAME – FTP, WWW, this is a preface to a domain name.

In order to lease IP addresses for Servers

1. You must specify the hardware address of the computer.
2. You must also specify the IP Address of the computer.

Subnet A/Subnet B/ Subnet C. SUBNET A is running a DHCP server. Where should you place the DHCP Relay Agents?

On subnets B and C also place a relay agent on the routers between subnets.

You want each client to contain the same IP address each time that it’s booted up?

For each server, implement a client reservation. (This is done for such things as routers, DNS Servers, and WINS Servers or other priority

For each subnet you must create a separate scope.

129.0.0.1 – 129.0.0.254 another subnet another scope.

A limitation of DHCP is it can only provide IP addresses for it’s subnet. What service would you install to overcome this limitation?

DHCP Relay Agents on each subnet.

Netstat

View and examine protocol statistics and network connections from the time the computer was first booted.

-a Display all connections and listening ports.

-e Display all ethernet connections.

-n Display addresses and port numbers in numerical form.

-p proto Per protocol stats you need to know the protocol.

-r display the contents of the routing table.

-s

Interval will redisplay the stats.

NBTSTAT (Netbios over TCP/IP)

-a List the remote machines name table given it’s name.

-A List the remote machines name table given it’s IP address.

-c (cache) List the remote name cache including the ipaddress.

-n (names) List local NetBios names.

-r (resolved) List names resolved by broadcast and WINS.

-R (reload) purges and reloads the local name cache.

-S List sessions table with the destination IP address.

-s List session tables converting destination IP address to host name via hosts file.

ROUTE –f clear tables / -p persistent / Print / Add / Delete / Change.

[dest] [mask] [gateway]

NSLOOKUP

TRACERT

View the list of routes the packets must take to reach the destination.

PING

Send ICMP packets to remote subnets to test TCP/IP connectivity.

HOSTNAME

View the hostname of the local machine.

IPCONFIG /ALL /Release /Renew

View IP Statistics on the local machine.

ARP.EXE

-a Display current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data.

-g Same as –a

-N Display the ARP cache by specifying the IP address.

-d Deletes the host specified by the IP address.

-s Used to add entries to the ARP cache.

B-Node Broadcast

Causes traffic on the network and cannot cross routers. This method is not preferred.

H-Node Hybrid Most commonly used

The most efficient node type, which is the reverse of m-node. This node is the default on WINS clients.

M-Node Mixed Node

Combines p-node and b-node. This method does not reduce the number of broadcast on the network.

P-Node Peer – to – Peer

Uses a WINS server to attempt to resolve a NetBIOS name.

Total number of characters make up a NetBIOS name?

16

Suffix for server?

<20h>

Protocols that NetBIOS supports are -

TCP/IP Netbeui and IPX/SPX.

Net Config

View your computers setup.

Net View

Entire NetBios names.

Net Use

To use a shared driver and map it out.

16^th Character is the suffix.

<00h> Workstation

<03h> Messenger

<20h> Server

Cache

Wins

Broadcasts

LMHOSTS

HOSTS

DNS

Hosts – File located in /winnt/system32/drivers/etc. HOSTS are case sensitive unlike LMHOSTS

DNS

Cache

WINS

Broadcasts

LMHOSTS – If this steps fails also you will receive a error. Not dynamic and needs to be maintained by a administrator. Location is /winnt/system32/drivers/etc. To enable the LMHOST file you must go to the WINS Tab in the networking box. Not case sensitive and a central LMHOST file can be used.

LPD

LPQ

View a list of documents sent to a TCP/IP Printer.

LPR

In order to use the LPR service on a UNIX computer you must do the following 2 things.

1. Install TCP/IP printing services.
2. Assign a IP address to the Print Server.

You want to make a printer available to all UNIX computers?

Microsoft TCP/IP Printer Services on the Service.

By implementing a share name of the printer.

What type of protocols does PPTP support?

IP, IPX, and Netbeui. This would make it possible to connect to the Internet using Netbeui.

What networks can PPTP function properly over?

PSTN, X.25, and ISDN

Subnet Mask

Bits

Subnets

Class C

Class B

Class A

192

2/6

2

62

16,382

4,194,302

224

3/5

6

30

8,190

2,097,150

240

4/4

14

14

4,094

1,048,574

248

5/3

30

6

2,046

524,286

252

6/2

62

2

1,022

262,142

254

7/1

126

0

510

131,070

255

8/0

254

0

254

65,534